历史与未来博物馆 - Ja Architecture Studio
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☉ 历史与未来博物馆是 Ja Architecture Studio 在 2024 年由图尔库市 “City of Turku” 主办的竞赛中的提案。该项目位于芬兰图尔库的一个工业和海滨环境中。其规模为中等，面积为 9,320 平方米。主要材料是木材和混凝土。以下是同一竞赛中其他三个提案的评审。
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城市博物馆
该项目试图平衡两种不同的形式需求。一种是希望沿 Aura 河创建一个线性建筑，将长廊延伸到 Linnanniemi 区域，并沿其长度延展，以最大化海景。另一种是将这种线性形式分解成片段，以打破其规模和单一性，创造多个视角、方位和进入点，使其成为 Archipelago Sea 这一独特地理环境的集体象征。
通过一个简单的手势，该项目成为一系列线性集群，由两层半的建筑体量组成，底层向城市开放，第二层和夹层大部分封闭，为画廊和展览创造合适的策展环境。第二层以上的空间体验类似于穿过一个可居住的大型木结构屋顶，伴随着一系列交替的黑暗画廊和明亮的双层高度门槛空间。这种大规模木结构与芬兰建筑中丰富的木材传统和曾经活跃的海运港口的仓库建筑历史相呼应。
这些温暖的空间加上数字增强投影的图尔库过去和未来，成为同时体验过去和未来的合适环境，在这种环境中，两者都没有优先级，其界限被有意义地模糊。
两个宽敞的主要入口，一个来自水边，一个来自城市，进入建筑的中部并进入主大厅 “第二体量的下层”；这种入口形式确保了两股游客流在中部融合，创造一个充满活力和可进入的公共空间，也可以成为穿过建筑的捷径。从这个中央枢纽，一条通道向西带领游客通过电梯和大楼梯到达画廊，另一条通道向东带领游客到达礼堂、咖啡馆和餐厅。这种融合和分离确保了大厅的活力，同时允许票务和非票务路线之间的不同程度的分离。
系列的最后一个体量 “最靠近公园的那个” 稍微倾斜，以面对图尔库城堡。它记录了建筑与这一国家纪念碑的关系，同时也容纳了水边的餐厅和艺术处理后勤区，并通过这一体量中所包含的不同程序来实现。
结构和材料
建议的结构将是一个混合大规模木骨架系统，置于混凝土底板基础上，结构服务核心在上层延伸以提供侧向稳定性。线性木构件将是胶合木材，平面构件将是地板上的 CLT 甲板。通过将结构节点放置在周边之外，建筑可以在地面上有多个生动的玻璃立面，创造与城市的多面视觉和物理连接。第二层和夹层将采用老化铜的雨屏板，既轻便于木框结构，又记录其与城堡及其可居住屋顶空间的联系。
城市的弹性和可持续公共空间
图尔库被誉为绿色城市，是该国园艺文化的发源地。图尔库博物馆的景观是一个未编程的开放空间，设计用于容纳各种活动和事件。半渗透铺装广场为地面提供了许多软口袋，用于排水和硬表面，以提高可达性。每个圆圈作为一个排水区，以 2% 的坡度逐渐向中心的雨水花园倾斜，在那里，本地的耐寒多年生植物 “如马兰，欧蓍草, 唐松草属等” 修复水质，并逐渐将其排入 Aura 河。这些小花园以及未来景观提案的潜在更大计划将增加生物多样性，提供季节性，促进授粉，并赋予这个新公共空间独特的特点。
图尔库的景观无缝融合了生态可持续性与功能设计，创造了一个充满活力和弹性的公共空间，尊重图尔库的绿色遗产。通过细致的规划、周到的种植和对气候的前瞻性方法，它旨在为该市作为城市绿化先驱的遗产做出贡献。最终，该项目试图通过对地方历史和全球未来现有现实的仔细承诺，通过一种仅仅响应竞赛框架和可持续目标的混合语言，创造一个在全球话语中做出贡献的标志，同时保持地方敏感性。
☉ Museum of the History and the Future is a proposal by Ja Architecture Studio promoted by City of Turku in 2024. It is located in Turku Finland in an industrial and seaside setting. Its scale is medium with a surface of 9.320 sqm. Key materials are wood and concrete. Review the other 3 proposals from the same competition.
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A museum for the city
The project tries to balance two different formal desires. One is the desire to create a linear building along the Aura River that extends the promenade into the Linnanniemi area and spreads its mass along its length to maximize its view to and from the sea. The other is to make this linearity out of fragments to break its scale and singularity into multiple views, orientations and access points and make it a collective icon for its most unique geographical context: The Archipelago Sea.
In a simple gesture, the project becomes a linear cluster of two-and-a-half-story architectural volumes that are open on the ground level to the city and mostly enclosed on the second levels and the mezzanine to create the right curatorial environment for the galleries and exhibitions. The spatial experience of the second level and above will be akin to going through an occupiable mass timber roof structure with an alternating series of dark galleries and bright double-height threshold spaces. The mass timber structure relates to the rich tradition of wood in Finnish architecture and the history of warehouse buildings on the once-active shipping seaport.
These warm spaces overlaid by a host of digitally augmented projections of Turku’s past and future become the right environment for the simultaneous experience of past and future where neither of them has precedence over the other, and their lines of distinction are blurred meaningfully.
Programmatic Logic
Two generous main entries, one from the water side and one from the city side, enter the building from the middle and into the main lobby (the lower level of the second volume); this form of entry guarantees that the two streams of visitors will merge in the middle to create a vibrant and accessible public space for the city that can also become a shortcut path through the building. From this central hub, one path to the west takes the visitors to the galleries via the elevators and the grand staircase, and one path to the east will lead the visitors to the auditorium, café, and restaurant. This merging and diverging guarantees the vibrancy of the lobby while allowing for different degrees of separation between ticketed and non-ticketed routes.
The last volume of the series (the closest one to the park) is tilted slightly to face Turku Castle. It registers the relationship of the building to this national monument while also housing the restaurant on the waterside and the art handling back of the house with access from a slight difference in the programs housed in this volume.
Structure and Materiality
The proposed structure will be a hybrid mass timber skeleton frame system placed on top of a concrete matt foundation with structural service cores extending on the upper levels for lateral stability. Linear timber elements will be Glulam members, and the planar ones will be CLT decking on the floors. By placing the structural nodes away from the periphery, the building can have multiple vibrant glazed faces on the ground, creating visual and physical connections to its multiple sides to the city. The second level and the mezzanine will be clad in rain-screen sheets of aged copper both to be light on the woodframe structure and a register of its connection to the castle and its occupiable roof space.
A Resilient and Sustainable Public Space for the city
Turku is celebrated as a green city and the birthplace of the country’s gardening culture. The landscape for the Turku Museum is an unprogrammed open space designed to accommodate a variety of activities and events. The semipermeable paved plaza provides the ground with numerous soft pockets for drainage and a hard surface for accessibility. Each circle serves as a drainage zone with a gradual 2% slope towards a rain garden at its center, where resilient native wild perennials (such as Aster finnicus, Achillea millefolium, Thalictrum, etc.) remediate the water and gradually discharge it back into the Aura Riverc. These small gardens, along with the potential larger scheme of the future landscape proposal, will increase biodiversity, offer seasonality, promote pollination, and impart a unique character to this new public space.
Turku’s landscape seamlessly integrates ecological sustainability with functional design, resulting in a vibrant and resilient public space that honours Turku’s green heritage. Through meticulous planning, considerate planting, and a forward-thinking approach to climate, it aims to contribute to the city’s legacy as a pioneer in urban greenery. In the end, the project tries to create an icon through careful commitment to the existing realities of local history and global future through a hybrid language that is merely responding to the framework of a competition and its sustainable goals to create an icon in the tradition of great Finnish architecture that has managed to contribute to a global discourse while maintaining a local sensibility.
