歌剧院公园
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丹麦建筑工作室 Cobe 宣布哥本哈根歌剧公园完工。在整个哥本哈根建设活动异常活跃的时期，绿色休闲空间变得越来越稀缺。然而，在这个密集且历史悠久的城市中心，一个内港的黄金地段没有被开发，而是被改造成了一个郁郁葱葱的绿色公园岛，拥有六个花园和一个温室。歌剧公园位于丹麦皇家歌剧院和 Cobe 即将完工的纸岛之间，为城市的繁忙生活提供了一个绿色的逃离之地。
一个应对当今挑战的浪漫花园
2019 年，在一次设计竞赛之后，A.P. 穆勒基金会任命丹麦建筑工作室 Cobe 在哥本哈根内港的一个前工业岛上设计一个新的公园。该地点位于丹麦皇家歌剧院旁，自近 20 年前歌剧院完工以来，这里一直是一个普通的绿色草坪。如今，这个原本适合开发新住房的岛屿已彻底改造，成为一个多样化的自然景观。名为歌剧公园的新公共海滨公园，为哥本哈根内港的密集建筑提供了一个绿色的对比。
这个公园的面积相当于三个足球场，由来自世界各地的六个花园组成：北美森林、丹麦橡树森林、北欧森林、东方花园、英国花园和位于中心的温室和中庭中的亚热带花园。这些多样化的花园中隐藏着惊喜，例如喷泉、睡莲池和反射池，水滴从桅杆上轻轻击打水面，形成舒缓的节奏。蜿蜒的小径和有机形状的花坛将公园的元素编织在一起。
全年开放的绿洲，为各种生活提供舞台
公园设计为一个全年开放的公共景点，拥有不下于 628 棵树、80,000 株多年生草本植物和灌木，以及 40,000 株球茎植物，来自世界各地。总共有 223 种独特的外来和本地物种，为游客提供了一个充满活力和不断变化的背景。植被的外观、气味、颜色和密度随着季节而变化。春天盛开着丰富的色彩，夏天呈现各种绿色，秋天展示红色和黄色的色调，冬天则以常青松树和冰冻的池塘为主。多样的植物种类和大小为鸟类和昆虫提供了丰富的食物和庇护环境。
公园中心的温室
除了花园，公园还设有一个带咖啡馆的中央温室，通往公园表面下方的停车场。温室设计为有机形状的玻璃结构，悬浮的屋顶，旨在让游客在导航这片郁郁葱葱的景观时感到惊喜和愉悦。温室和咖啡馆将确保歌剧公园在冬季也能成为一个充满活力的目的地，当哥本哈根的许多公园在冬季显得荒凉时。温室内的梯田一直延伸到停车层，可容纳多达 300 辆车，而其亚热带生物群落也向下延伸，将公园与地下层垂直编织在一起。
通往歌剧院的覆盖连接
公园还通过一个景观桥上的覆盖走道与相邻的丹麦皇家歌剧院相连，提供了一个天气保护的连接通道，连接停车设施和歌剧院。走道的曲线玻璃和浮动屋顶呼应了温室的建筑，沿着蜿蜒的小径设计。作为通往岛屿的三座桥之一，这条连接被设计为一块穿越港口运河的自然景观，完全将景观和建筑融为一体。
充分利用雨水和阳光
雨水被视为公园的宝贵资源，从丹麦皇家歌剧院的屋顶引导至地下水库，用于温室灌溉。小径设计为透水砾石表面，多余的雨水被收集到雨床中进行渗透和蒸发。景观桥和温室的绿色屋顶捕捉并延迟雨水的释放，同时也为公园的动物提供食物来源。歌剧院屋顶上的太阳能电池板为地下停车设施、公园和温室提供电力。公园选择的材料坚固且完全可回收，而大量的树木和植被可以防止来自港口和海洋的强风，减少湍流，提高公园使用者的舒适度。此外，抬高的地形在大雨和港口水位显著上升期间保护了岛屿免受洪水侵害。
Danish architecture studio Cobe announces the completion of The Opera Park in Copenhagen. In a time of intense construction activity throughout Copenhagen, green recreational spaces have become more and more scarce. Yet, in the heart of the dense and historic city center, one of the inner harbor’s prime locations has not been developed, but transformed into a lush, green park island, featuring six gardens and a greenhouse. Situated between The Royal Danish Opera and Cobe’s soon-to-be completed Paper Island, The Opera Park offers a green escape from the bustling life of the city.
A romantic garden addressing today’s challenges
In 2019, following a design competition, The A.P. Møller Foundation appointed the Danish architecture studio Cobe to design a new park at a former industrial island in Copenhagen’s inner harbor. Located next to The Royal Danish Opera, the site had been a modest green lawn since the completion of the Opera nearly 20 years ago. Utterly transformed today, the island which was otherwise prime for the development of new housing, is now home to a diverse and natural landscape. Named The Opera Park, this new public harbor-front park creates a green counterpoint to the otherwise densely built inner harbor of Copenhagen.
The park, with the size of three soccer fields, consists of six gardens from various parts of the world: the North American Forest, the Danish Oak Forest, the Nordic Forest, the Oriental Garden, the English Garden, and the Subtropical Garden housed within a greenhouse and atrium at its center. The diverse gardens hold surprises such as a fountain, a water lily pond, and a reflecting pool where drops of water from a mast gently strike the water’s surface in a soothing rhythm. Meandering paths and organically shaped flowerbeds knit together the park’s elements.
A year-round oasis, setting the stage for all kinds of life
Designed to be an inviting, all year-round public attraction, the park features no less than 628 trees, 80,000 herbaceous perennials and bushes, and 40,000 bulb plants, from all around the world. In total, 223 unique exotic and local species provide a vibrant and ever-changing backdrop for visitors. The vegetation’s appearance, scent, color, and density vary with the seasons. Spring blooms in a rich color palette, summer brings various shades of green, autumn showcases red and yellow tones, and winter is dominated by evergreen pine trees and frozen ponds. The wide variety of plant species and diversity of sizes provides a rich environment for birds and insects to find food and shelter.
A greenhouse at the heart
In addition to the gardens, the park features a central greenhouse with a café, giving access to car parking underneath the park’s surface. The greenhouse is designed as an organically shaped glass structure with a hovering roof, intended to surprise and delight visitors as they navigate the lush landscape. The greenhouse and café will ensure that The Opera Park remains a vibrant destination year-round, even during winter when many of Copenhagen’s parks are desolate. Inside, the greenhouse terraces down to the parking levels, which accommodate up to 300 cars, while its subtropic biotope also descends to vertically weave together the park with the underground levels.
A covered connection to the Opera
The park also features a covered connection to the adjacent Royal Danish Opera via a covered walkway atop a landscaped bridge, allowing a weather protected link between the parking facility and the Opera. Echoing the architecture of the greenhouse, the walkway’s curved glass and floating roof evokes the landscape design in its meandering path. As one of three bridges to the island, the connection is designed as a piece of nature crossing the harbor canal, fully integrating landscape and architecture into one.
Benefitting from rain and sun
Rainwater is considered a valuable resource for the park, channeled from the roof of the Royal Danish Opera into underground water reservoirs used for greenhouse irrigation. Pathways are designed with a permeable gravel surface, and excess rainwater is collected in rain beds for infiltration and evaporation. The green roofs of the landscaped bridge and greenhouse capture and delay the release rainwater to the site while also serving as a food source for the park’s fauna. Solar panels on the Opera’s roof provide power to the underground parking facility, the park and the greenhouse. The park’s chosen materials are robust and fully recyclable, while the abundance of trees and plantings shield against strong winds coming from the harbor and the sea, reducing turbulence and increasing the level of comfort for park users. Furthermore, the elevated terrain safeguards the island from flooding during heavy rainfall and significant rises in the harbor water level.
