山灰艺术社区 – 西安石油大学锅炉房改造
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西安石油大学的住宅校园锅炉站于1994年规划，1997年最终完成。然而，由于城市供热系统的变化，该锅炉站于2014年关闭。2019年我们访问时，尽管相对较新，但锅炉站呈现出一种历史遗迹的迷人形象，周围被城市住宅建筑环绕。
这种燃煤锅炉站曾在华北地区普遍存在。然而，随着能源供应系统的转变，这类设施将不再被建设。高耸的烟囱和大型煤斗，曾以工具理性的方式设计，如今随着生产的结束而变得过时。然而，这些不再使用的结构并未受到现行区域规划法的监管，提醒我们那快速发展的几十年间的简单与直接。这种锅炉站已成为那些黄金年代的历史象征，尽管大多数仍不到30岁。
这个位于核心城市区的工业遗产地，由于其规模和性质，不适合重新开发。然而，通过实施合理的方案作为其城市生存的经济基础，仍有机会进行改造和再利用。大型的高锅炉操作室非常适合用作艺术展览，而较小的房间可以用作商业空间，以资助艺术活动。因此，我们决定将该建筑改造为一个混合用途的艺术社区，这在西安是一种新的生态类型。这种改造的适当功能将保护建筑的原始框架，避免被分割成廉价的共享办公单元，这在中国许多其他城市工业遗产地中正发生着。
为了适应这一转变，我们增加了一条连接户外广场和三楼主展厅的跑道。除了满足功能需求外，这条跑道还突显了对旧烟囱及其所代表的时代所施加的新干预。
为了引入柔和的光线并改善建筑的热性能，我们用聚碳酸酯面板替换了原有的外立面。这种新材料还引入了不同的尺度，与周围住宅形成鲜明对比，强调了建筑之前的工业特征。它还增强了新空间的公共性质，使其更直接地与城市环境互动。
机电设备已取代了原有的生产设施。一些安装经过优化，以尽量减少对空间的干扰，而另一些则旨在展示。例如，主展厅的空气管道利用煤斗与柱子之间的三角空间，通过24个球形喷嘴提供调节空气。新的不锈钢覆盖物与旧的粗糙混凝土并置，代表了各自的时代。
由于校园内可能出现COVID-19隔离，我们使用脚手架创建了一个临时围栏。这种快速组装的脚手架还作为展览海报、休息椅和销售摊位的基本框架，具体取决于活动。
根据统计数据，中国建筑的平均使用寿命仅约为30年，原因在于环境和需求的变化。在过去的30年中，这座锅炉站完成了其原有任务，现在正开始新的任务。
The Xi'an Shiyou University residential campus boiler station was planned in 1994 and finally completed in 1997. However, due to changes in the urban heating system, it was closed in 2014. When we visited it in 2019, despite being relatively new, the boiler station presented an intriguing image of a historical ruin, surrounded by urban residential buildings.
This type of coal-burning boiler station was once common in North China. However, with the shift to a different energy supply system, this type of facility will no longer be built. The tall chimneys and large coal scuttles that were designed with instrumental rationality have become obsolete with the end of production. However, these useless structures, which were not regulated by present zoning laws, remind us of the simplicity and straightforwardness of that rapidly developing decades. This type of boiler station has become a historical symbol of those golden years, even though most are still under 30 years old.
This industrial heritage site, located in the core urban district, is not suitable for redevelopment due to its size and property. However, by implementing a reasonable program as an economic basis for its urban survival, there is an opportunity for renovation and reuse. The large, tall boiler operation room is well-suited for an art exhibition, while the smaller rooms could be used as commercial space to fund the art events. As a result, we have decided to convert the building into a mixed-use art community, which is a new type of ecology in Xi'an. The appropriate functions of this conversion will protect the building's original frame from being divided into cheap co-working units, as is happening with many other urban industrial heritage sites in China.
To accommodate this transformation, we added a runway connecting the outdoor square and the main exhibition hall on the third floor. In addition to serving functional needs, the runway also highlights the new interventions applied to both the old chimney and the era it represents.
To bring in soft light and improve the building's thermal performance, we replaced the original elevation with polycarbonate panels. This new material also introduces a different scale, contrasting dramatically with the surrounding residences and emphasizing the building's previous industrial characteristics. It also enhances the public nature of the new space, which now engages more directly with the urban environment.
The MEP equipment has replaced the former production facilities. Some installations have been optimized to minimize disruption to the space, while others are meant to be displayed. For example, the air ducts in the main exhibition hall take advantage of the triangular space between the coal scuttles and the columns, providing conditioned air through 24 spherical nozzles. The new stainless-steel coverings are placed alongside the old rough concrete, representing their respective times.
Due to the possibility of COVID-19 quarantines on campus, we used scaffolding to create a temporary fence. The quickly assembled scaffolding also serves as a basic frame for exhibition posters, resting chairs, and selling booths, depending on the event.
According to statistics, the average lifespan of buildings in China is only about 30 years due to changing environments and requirements. In the past 30 years, this boiler station has fulfilled its original task and is now starting a new one.