拉巴尔马住房合作社
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La Balma居住合作社
La Balma是Sostre Cívic推动的项目，该项目在Poblenou社区通过了第一个用于合作社住房租赁土地的公开招标，旨在扩大城市中非投机性和可负担住房的存量。 在竞赛阶段，对团体进行了社会经济诊断和参与性过程，以制定和达成共识提案，其中用户和社区起着主导作用；结果是一座建筑，被理解为一种基础设施，它伴随着他们，允许他们从三个社会领域自由演变：邻里、社区、共处单元。 考虑到可用资源，焦点还放在了建筑施工和使用的初始成本上，考虑到用户减少舒适成本超过50%以避免能源贫困的最终经济影响。 . ** 与社区的关系 ** 该建筑位于Espronceda和Camí Antic de València Streets的拐角处。后者是社区设施齐全的绿色轴。合作社希望参与这个轴线，与社区共享空间，并在其最公共的立面上表达社区内生活的丰富性。这就是为什么它在北立面上有主要入口、所有公共空间和垂直循环，开放到Camí Antic de València的公共空间上。在Espronceda Street有一个商业空间，目前由一个NGO使用，与激活街道的底层合作。 . ** 循环和社区空间 ** 一个社区空间方案是通过参与性过程产生的。这些空间在所有楼层上以高度分布。循环始终伴随社区空间。它们是开放、通风和阳光充足的空间，以增强人际关系、自发的邂逅和整个建筑的合作活动。 在底层，我们找到了共用厨房-餐厅、自行车和向社区开放的车间、大堂和两个商业空间。在其他楼层，程序在较小的房间中分布 “多功能室、阅读空间、客房、护理空间和洗衣房”。最后，屋顶完全可达，被理解为合作社的外部空间。一个超过300平方米的露台，将配备有生产性的果园、阴影和娱乐空间。 . ** 住房单元 ** 该建筑有20个单元，其中一个将用作社会再融合过程中的家庭的桥梁楼层。类型是灵活的，并且是从一个16平方米开放块的网格设计的，这些块允许非常不同的分割和分布，使用户能够决定其空间。每个单元都始于一个设备齐全的50平方米基础单元，相当于小型类型。这个基本单元通过一个或两个块扩展，变成了中型或大型类型。通过合作社管理变化，以适应通过时间的需要。 . ** 环境战略 ** 主要策略是通过在所有建筑消耗上提供良好的气候舒适，尽管周围条件不同，并且预算有限，从而减少需求。我们通过以下行动实现了这个目标： • 一个具有开放循环空间的变化截面。在Espronceda立面的楼层1、2和3上寻求最大的太阳捕获，其中走道位于Espronceda立面上，作为街道的声学缓冲器。在4和5楼，内立面上的走道作为遮阳装置。 • 加热区域的紧凑性，在冬季使家庭过于孤立，热损失最小。在炎热的月份里，南向的良好横向通风和遮阳装置。 • 采暖和生活热水将由地热系统产生，该系统将以最小的能源成本和环境影响实现舒适。这个系统还允许在温暖的月份进行自由冷却。 • 加热和冷却终端是墙上的辐射粘土面板。这个在低温下工作的系统获得了最大的性能。此外，粘土作为高度调节水的材料。 • 系统的集中以便于维护，提高效率并最小化成本。 • 完美的设施基础。为未来可能改善建筑自主性的系统留下预测。将有安装光伏电池和灰水回收系统的管道的基础设施。 . ** 建设 ** 该建筑有两种结构，优化了每种材料的功能、成本、施工速度和环境影响。在底层提出了一个钢筋混凝土结构和上层提出了一个层压木结构。这是一座轻质建筑，减少了基础和建筑中使用的矿物起源材料，提供了舒适、健康的空间，并取得了更好的环境影响。
La Balma is a project promoted by Sostre Cívic, which was the winner to develop a plot in the Poblenou neighborhood in the first public tender for leasehold of land for cooperative housing. The project seeks to expand the stock of non-speculative and affordable housing in the city. During the competition phase, a socio-economic diagnosis of the group and a participatory process were made to work on and reach a consensus proposal, in which the user and the community play a leading role; the outcome is a building understood as an infrastructure that accompanies them and allows them to evolve freely from three social spheres: the neighborhood, the community, the unit of conviviality. Taking into account the available resources, the focus was also on the initial cost of construction and use of the building, thinking about the final economic impact for the user avoiding energy poverty by reducing the cost of comfort by more than 50%. . ** Relationship with the neighborhood ** The building is located at the corner of Espronceda and Camí Antic de València Streets. The latter is a green axis full of facilities in the neighborhood. The cooperative wanted to participate as another facility on this axis, sharing spaces with the neighborhood and expressing the richness of inner community life in its most public facade. That is why it has the main access, all the communal spaces and the vertical circulations on the north façade, opening onto the public space of the Camí Antic de València. At Espronceda Street there is a commercial space, which is now used by an NGO, collaborating to activate the ground floor of the street. . ** Circulations and community spaces ** A program of community spaces arises from the participatory process. These are distributed in height on all floors. Circulations always accompany community spaces. They are open, ventilated and sunny spaces, to enhance human relationships, spontaneous encounters, and cooperative activities throughout the building. On the ground floor we find the communal kitchen-dining room, space for bicycles and workshop open to the neighborhood, the lobby and two commercial spaces. In the other floors the program is distributed in smaller rooms (multipurpose room, reading space, guest rooms, care space and laundry). Finally, the roof, fully accessible, is understood as the outer space of the cooperative. A terrace of more than 300m2 that will be equipped with productive orchards, space of shade and recreation. . ** Housing Units ** The building has 20 units, one of which will be used as a bridge floor for families in the process of social reintegration. The typologies are flexible and designed from a grid of 16m² open pieces, these pieces allow very diverse divisions and distributions, allowing the user to decide on their spaces. Each unit starts from a fully equipped 50m² base, corresponding to the small typologies (S). This basic unit is extended with one or two pieces, becoming types Medium or Large. The changes are managed by the cooperative to adapt to the needs through time. . ** Environmental strategy ** The main strategy is to reduce the demand on all consumption of the building by offering good climatic comfort despite the different surrounding conditions, and a limited budget. We achieve this goal with the following actions: • A changing section of the building with open circulation spaces. Maximum solar capture is sought on floors 1, 2 and 3 where the walkway is on the Espronceda façade acting as an acoustic cushion for the street. In floor 4 and 5 the walkway on the interior façade acts as sun protection. • Compactness of heated areas, making homes over isolated, with minimal energy losses in winter. For the hotter months good cross ventilation and a sun protection facing South. • Heating and domestic hot water will be generated by a geothermal system that will achieve comfort at the minimum energy cost and environmental impact. This system also allows for free-cooling during the warm months. • Heating and cooling terminals are radiant clay panels in the walls. The maximum performance is obtained with this system that works at low temperature. In addition, clay works as a highly water-regulating material. • Centralization of systems to facilitate maintenance, improve efficiency and minimize costs. • Perfectable facility infrastructure. Leaving forecast for systems that in the future can improve the autonomy of the building. There will be the infrastructure for the installation of photovoltaic panels and the pipes for a greywater recovery system. . ** Construction ** The building has 2 types of structure that optimize the functions of each material, cost, speed of construction and environmental impact. In the ground-floor a reinforced concrete structure is proposed and a laminated wood structure for the upper floors. It is a lightweight building, which reduces the foundation and the materials of mineral origin used in the building, offering comfort, healthy spaces and achieving a better environmental impact.
