云栈采薇·古道祈福——秦岭北麓大都市近郊村村庄规划
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年份： 2021
学校： 华中科技大学/建筑与城市规划学院
课题： 云栈采薇·古道祈福——秦岭北麓大都市近郊村村庄规划 Plucking by the Mountain Street, Praying through the Ancient Road: Village Planning of Suburban Villages in the Metropolis at the Northern Foot of Qinling Mountains
设计师： 王雪妃/徐灿/陈孔炎/罗凯中 WANG Xuefei/XU Can/CHEN Kongyan/LUO Kaizhong
指导老师： 王智勇 WANG Zhiyong
基地地址： 中国陕西省西安市长安区子午街道
类别： 规划
- 设计背景：
本作品以“终南山居”为题，以秦岭北麓陕西省西安市长安区子午街道杜角镇村及其自然村之一北豆角村为研究对象，面对大西安都市圈背景下城市近郊乡村发展面临的现实困境，针对此类位于城市近郊、生态重区、文化聚点的村庄提出保护对策与发展导向。
- 基地现状：
杜角镇村位于陕西省西安市南部，地处秦岭北麓长安段中部，关中平原腹地，南依秦岭，北望古都长安，是历史悠久的古村落。
杜角镇村由于位于秦岭保护区内，开发建设受到严格限制，以存量更新为主。 村庄历来是关中地区重要的交通节点，是出子午峪口的第一个村落，尤其在秦汉及唐代，是跨越秦岭、沟通关中平原与陕南及川渝地区的交通要道，因此曾车水马龙，繁华一时。
杜角镇村下辖3个自然村：北豆角村、南豆角村、子午西村。其中，北豆角村为本作品主要节点设计对象。
- 设计目的：
通过对杜角镇村村庄发展核心问题的发掘与解读，结合文旅融合的产业发展目标，完成实用性村庄规划的编制，并提出在地性的产业发展策略与空间营造策略，推动村庄经济产业发展的同时，实现村庄文化与特色的传承。
- 设计说明：
本设计遵循国土空间规划背景下实用性村庄规划的编制逻辑：
第一，规划项目认知。分别从村庄建设空间、农业空间、生态空间、文化空间总结村庄现状特征。
第二，发展条件研判。主要从区位基础、政策引导两个方面切入，总结出“城市近郊、秦岭北麓、文化聚点”的主要特征，以及生态、产业、文化、风貌、设施等方面的核心问题。
第三，核心问题切入。重点针对“生态保护与开发建设的矛盾”、“现代文明对传统文化的冲击”、“都市圈发展如何带动乡村现代化”三个主要矛盾与问题，提出本次规划重点，即守好生态本底、传统文化的原真性保护、实现农业现代化。
第四，规划专题研究。分别从生态空间保护、历史文化传承、设施品质提升、产业体系完善等四个方面进行深入研究，针对性提出“生态育村、文化兴村、农业振村、公服助村”的规划策略，并进一步提出“特色文旅型村庄”的规划定位与“业-地-人”耦合的发展模式。
第五，规划方案生成。首先是总体方案，包括用地功能布局、住房布局规划、产业发展规划、道路交通规划、公共服务设施规划以及综合整治规划。第二是节点方案，包括节点功能布局、节点详细设计、近期行动计划。
本作品通过村庄规划的编制，期望实现村庄“依山向田”的独特生态格局，“宅、园共生”的创新产业体系，“古今共荣”的特色文化风貌，对最终真正实现城乡融合起到一定作用，并为后续村庄规划提供一定的借鉴意义。
- Design background:
This work is titled "Zhongnan Mountain Residence", taking Dujiao Town Village and one of its natural villages, Beidoujiao Village, at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains, Ziwu Street, Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province as the research object. We are committed to solving the practical difficulties faced by the development of urban suburban villages under the background of the Greater Xi'an Metropolitan Area, and propose protection countermeasures and development guidance for such villages located in the suburbs of the city, ecologically important areas, and cultural gathering points.
- Current status of the base:
Dujiaozhen Village is located in the south of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, in the middle of Chang'an section on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains and the hinterland of Guanzhong Plain. With the Qinling Mountains in the south and Chang'an, the ancient capital in the north, it is an ancient village with a long history.
As Dujiaozhen Village is located in the Qinling Mountain Reserve, the development and construction are strictly restricted, and the development of the village is mainly based on stock renewal.
The village has always been an important transportation node in the Guanzhong area, and was the first village to leave Ziwuyukou. Especially in the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty, it was an important traffic road that crossed the Qinling Mountains and connected the Guanzhong Plain with southern Shaanxi and Sichuan and Chongqing. Therefore, it was bustling for a while.
Dujiaozhen has three natural villages under its jurisdiction: Beidoujiao Village, Nandoujiao Village, and Ziwuxi Village. Among them, Beidoujiao Village is the design object of the main node of this work.
- Design purpose:
Through the excavation and interpretation of the core issues of village development in Dujiaozhen, combined with the industrial development goal of cultural and tourism integration, we have completed the preparation of practical village planning and proposed local industrial development strategies and space creation strategies. While promoting the development of the village's economy and industry, it also realizes the inheritance of the village's culture and characteristics.
- Design description:
This design follows the compilation logic of practical village planning under the background of territorial and spatial planning:
First, the status quo of the village. We summarize the current characteristics of the village from the village construction space, agricultural space, ecological space, and cultural space.
Second, development conditions. We mainly cut in from two aspects: location basis and policy guidance, and summarized the main characteristics of "urban suburbs, northern foot of the Qinling Mountains, cultural gathering spots", and core issues in ecology, industry, culture, style, and facilities.
Third, the core issues. Focusing on the three main contradictions and problems of "ecological protection and development and construction", "modern civilization's impact on traditional culture", and "how the development of metropolitan area drives rural modernization", the focus of this plan is put forward, that is, maintaining the ecological background , protecting the authenticity of traditional culture and realizing agricultural modernization.
Fourth, special research. In-depth research is carried out in the four aspects of ecological space protection, historical and cultural inheritance, facility quality improvement, and industrial system improvement, and the planning strategies of "ecological education, cultural revitalization, agricultural revitalization, and public service" are proposed. And we further put forward the planning positioning of "characteristic cultural tourism village" and the development model of "industry-land-people" coupling.
Fifth, the planning scheme. The first is the overall plan, including land use function layout, housing layout plan, industrial development plan, road traffic plan, public service facility plan, and comprehensive renovation plan. The second is the node plan, including the functional layout of the node, detailed design of the node, and near-term action plan.
Through the compilation of the village planning, this work hopes to realize the unique ecological pattern of the village "from the mountain to the field", the innovative industrial system of "the symbiosis of houses and gardens", and the characteristic cultural features of "the co-prosperity of ancient and modern". It has a certain role and provides a certain reference meaning for subsequent village planning.