北京密云儿童活动中心—北京服装厂改造项目
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随着北京城市规划的发展，城市更新逐渐从市中心向郊区的北庄镇延伸。项目地原为北庄镇一座占地5000平方米的服装制造工厂。我们保留了原有的工厂建筑布局，并将其改建为一个青少年活动中心，包括青少年教育营地、教室、餐厅、会议室和住宿设施。场地被分为两个庭院。北部庭院有一座大型的一层单跨工厂建筑，结构呈弯曲。南部庭院有小型红砖建筑，木梁和砖砌承重墙。考虑到原有建筑结构特点，我们将教育营地、会议室和餐厅集中安排在北部区域，住宿设施则位于南部区域。
总体规划
老工厂主要由两个部分组成。北区设有一个单层单跨车间，结构呈弯曲，而南区由红砖建筑组成，采用木制屋架和砖砌承重墙，包括仓库、餐厅和宿舍。根据现有建筑的规模和结构特点，我们在北区设置了儿童发现中心、多功能厅、餐厅等需要大跨度空间的功能，而南部区域则改建成住宿设施。如何在没有丰富遗产和独特空间特征的老工业遗址上进行重新激活？针对各种限制和功能需求，我们为12座独立建筑采用了不同的翻新策略。与为这些建筑设定统一风格不同，我们更加注重个别建筑之间、整个建筑群体以及其周围环境之间的关系。场地周围环绕着工厂和山脉。在整修过程中，我们创造了友好的空间尺度，并插入了一系列结构，如人行道、走廊、小广场和过渡院落，以连接北区的活动空间与南部区域的住宿设施，产生连续的立体景观体验。
儿童游乐场
抽象的几何元素被应用于景观设计，为儿童创造出一个超现实的环境，鼓励他们探索几何形状的可能性，构思冒险的故事，并以各种方式进行游戏和娱乐。
北庭院中现有的人行道铺有坚固的混凝土砖。我们在庭院中嵌入了一个圆形斜坡和一个钢格平台，建造了一个大型娱乐装置。它连接了营地区域和餐厅东西两侧的屋顶露台，同时让孩子们可以在不同高度奔跑和玩耍。平台为草坪和下面的活动提供了阴影，增强了戏剧性的感觉。考虑到场地的氛围和建筑立面的纹理，我们选择了回收的红砖和混凝土砖作为主要铺装材料，配以橡胶跑道，共同营造出孩子们可以自由奔跑和跳跃的愉悦空间。
为了解放儿童的感知和想象力，我们在构思圆形人行道结构和空间设计时放弃了常规形式。我们选择了倾斜的柱子来支撑悬挂式人行道，形成了一种类似数学中的“正弦波”的波动图案。此外，圆形的双螺旋结构具有精确的比例关系。这样，空间提供了交替的体验，既动态又静态。此外，草坪中央的消防水库出口被设计成楔形光学亭，将蓝天融入草坪区域。建筑立面装饰着几何色块和线条，旨在唤起孩子们的想象力，刺激他们与这个独特场所进行互动和探索。我们希望这个地方可以加强孩子们对大自然感官的感知。在屋顶奔跑和玩耍时，他们被附近的天空和山脉所包围。
南庭院原来铺着沥青，地面上野生的艾蒿从裂缝中茂盛生长。为了避免过度添加人工景观，我们将自然生长的植物群集分散在错落的高度，建成一个花园。我们选择了北方常见的多年生植物，以呈现全年变化的景象。我们希望这个花园可以帮助孩子们发现自然的真实之美，观察植物的不同状态，无论是在风中摇曳、阳光下拥抱还是凋谢……花园中的蹦床就像一个“黑洞”，吸引着成年人和孩子们。
在北庭院和南庭院之间，我们利用现有的高差创建了一个流动的水景，其中插入了一个胶囊状的凉亭，连接了住宿设施、餐厅和北庭院。它就像是空间节奏中的一个温柔的停顿。考虑到周围建筑的醒目几何形式和单调的纹理，我们创建了一个“门槛区”，以融入环境中。凉亭漂浮在水面上，其两侧的穿孔金属屏幕在一定距离上呈现出摩尔纹样。景色变得模糊，呈现出虚幻而动态的视觉效果。穿孔金属板有时过滤光线并照亮空间，有时折射、扭曲光线。
北区的青少年活动中心
场地上北部最原始的砖混结构建筑仅有少数开口，采光较差，不符合当代使用要求。因此，我们拆除了北部的原建筑，建造了一排入口大堂，这是一座单面悬挑结构，呈伞状。它减轻了70米长、7米高的工厂建筑对街道入口的压力，以及人们从北广场到青少年活动中心的过渡体验。大堂内部由七个刻有半圆玻璃盒子组成，作为青少年活动中心、咖啡厅区域和创意商品概念店的主要入口，像连续的小型定居点。我们将光学透明性、反射和折射等一系列现象转化为物理空间体验。连续的玻璃表面反射着周围环境，使结构更轻盈，将视野延伸到其他维度。
通过重新构建展示空间和展品之间的关系，探索了青少年活动中心内部空间的潜力，试图为游戏创造一种无边界的感觉。我们希望为0-7岁的儿童创造一个混合年龄段的环境，让他们一起玩耍和学习。原厂房空间的7米净高根据楼层分为活动和安静功能，让孩子们可以在一楼的环形流通中享受体育游戏。夹层的尽头设有一个更长时间进行创意和智力游戏教学的区域。为了让孩子们在活动中与空间互动，我们将景观楼梯作为展品布局的中心舞台，并沿着厂房空间的纵向方向布置了钢筋坡道和弯曲楼梯。设计充分利用了楼梯底部的间隙，创造了一个带滑梯的三维游戏区，自由路径展现了各种运动的可能性。在展品的分区中，使用了自由形式的表面，鼓励身体和空间之间的扩展和互动。弯曲的网格墙和跨越不同楼层的网状网允许孩子们在间隙中爬行。
北区的餐厅和多功能厅
场地东侧的工厂靠近乡村道路。较大的房间，如多功能厅、餐厅和需要对外开放业务的厨房，都安排在这里。为了解决原工厂采光和保温性能差的问题，我们拆除了原有的胶合板屋顶，修复和加固了仅有5.4米高的原墙，并增加了钢结构的二楼。我们在原有方案的对角位置保留了一个露天庭院，并保留了原混凝土弯曲结构，延续了原有构件的秩序感。在时间上，原来的“内部”和当前的“外部”重叠在同一个空间中。光线的传递、原始墙体的序列以及新旧的并置都是我们关注的焦点。两座工厂建筑之间插入了一个门厅和浴室区，将北庭院与外部道路分隔开来，同时使庭院的视线直接与远处的山脉连接。最后，我们在二楼设置了一个景观桥，上面是会议和餐饮空间。钢格栅地板和由金属缆绳制成的栏杆暗示着圆形人行道的延续，引导人们的活动走向屋顶露台。
南区的招待所接待大厅
南部建筑群的原始结构系统采用南北布局，是一座砖砌承重墙和木梁屋架的建筑。原来的功能是宿舍和餐厅。根据原有建筑结构和布局，我们增加了给水排水系统，并改善了建筑的保温性能，将其改建为客房。
我们将废弃的停车棚的结构柱和钢构件改造成招待所的主入口门廊，并保留了场地入口处的现有破裂沥青地面。我们期待着春天这些裂缝中长出草和鲜花。
厂房中的废弃餐厅被改建成了招待所的接待大厅。我们保留了原建筑中斑驳的绿色油漆墙脚和露面的混凝土预制屋顶，并插入了不锈钢卫生和存储模块、露面混凝土吧台和不锈钢包厢。将精湛工艺与现有建筑内表面的斑驳纹理结合的设计策略，不仅使新旧元素和谐共存，不影响其真实性，而且在它们的相互作用中创造了一种新的开放和丰富。没有功能限制的“空间”意味着“空间的划分”。极薄的隔热断桥钢窗户和门使最大限度地将光线和景观“流”入室内，同时加强了开口和墙体之间的比例关系。
南区的温室
我们有机会将南区主庭院尽头的小仓库重新设计为温室。它在功能上被分为以壁炉为中心的半封闭休息室和围绕会议桌的开放活动区。主结构梁的延伸将天空和庭院带入活动区域，地板提高了50厘米，增强了活动区域的地方感，与南庭院形成微妙的视觉关系。一些支撑屋顶的钢梁立柱站在小钢柱上，使钢梁结构从砖砌承重墙上升高30厘米。屋顶和墙之间的缝隙尽可能地被玻璃化，创造出透明和悬浮感。这种分离可以从内部感受到。进出建筑时，人们可以从轮廓钢板屋顶和红砖墙中感受到轻重之间的张力。在强大的体积和开放明亮的室内之间创造了一种悬浮的关系。温室的“开放性”和接待中心的“不开放性”，人们在这两者之间停留或穿行，构成了另一种紧密的空间对应关系。
南区的客房
为了与场地内现有建筑的纹理和规模相呼应，我们使用了露面砖墙来分隔内部空间。对于每间客房之间的外部庭院墙和铺装，都采用了露面红砖，这些砖都是从附近拆迁的村庄回收的。从招待所的主入口到客房区域，我们利用低墙、庭院和植被创建了一个离散但连续的户外体验路径，隐私和公共性巧妙地相连并区分开来。
总结
北京密云老服装厂的改建承载了我们对儿童成长的愿景和期望。新空间的主要参与者是来这里的人们和家庭。他们与建筑的互动唤起了新空间的生命潜力。这就是移转的活力，感动着人们。多样化和开放的空间结构为后续使用提供了更多可能性，随着时间的推移不断发展。
As urban planning develops in Beijing, urban renewal gradually spreads from the center to the suburban Beizhuang Town. The project site was originally a garment manufacturing factory covering an area of 5,000 sqm in Beizhuang Town. We have retained the original layout of factory buildings, and renovated it into a youth activity center which is comprised of youth education camps along with classroom, restaurant, conference room, and accommodations. The site is divided into two courtyards. The northern one is featured by a large one-story single-span factory building with a bent structure. In the southern one there are small red brick buildings with timber trusses and brick bearing walls. Considering the structural characteristics of the original fabrics, we concentrated the education camps, conference rooms and restaurants in the northern area, and accommodations in the southern one.
Master Planning
The old plant mainly consisted of two sections. The north area accommodated a one-storey single-span workshop with a bent structure, while the south zone was composed of red brick buildings that featured wooden roof trusses and brick bearing walls, including a warehouse, a canteen and dormitories. Based on the scales and structural characteristics of the existing buildings, we set children's discovery center, multifunctional hall, restaurant and other functions that require large-span space in the north zone, while the south area was repurposed into accommodations. How to reactivate such an old industrial site without rich heritage and distinctive spatial features? In response to various limitations and functional demands, different renovation strategies were adopted for the 12 single buildings. As opposed to setting a unified style for those buildings, we put emphasis on the relationship between individual buildings, the whole architectural complex and its surroundings. The site is surrounded by factories and mountains. During renovation, we created friendly spatial scales, and inserted a series of structures such as walkway, corridor, small square and transitional yard to link the north zone' activity space with accommodations in the south area and to produce continuous, three-dimensional landscape experiences.
Children's Playground
Abstract geometric components were applied to landscape design, to create a surreal setting for children, who are encouraged to explore possibilities of geometric shapes, conceive stories of adventure, play and have fun in various ways.
The existing pavement in the north courtyard was covered by hard concrete bricks. We embedded a circular slope and a steel-grid platform into the courtyard, to build a large entertainment installation. It connects the camp area and the restaurant's rooftop terrace on west and east sides, while allowing kids to run and play at different heights. The platform provides shade for the lawn and activities beneath, which helps strengthen a dramatic feeling. Given the site's atmosphere and textures of building facades, we chose recycled red bricks and concrete bricks as main paving materials, which are complemented by a rubber running track, together producing playful spaces where kids can run and jump freely.
In order to liberate children's perception and imagination, we abandoned conventional forms as conceiving the circular walkway's structures and the spatial design. Slanting columns were chosen to support the suspended walkway, forming an undulating pattern that resembles "sine waves" in mathematics. Besides, the double-helix structure of the circle is endowed with a precise proportional relationship. In this way, the space offers alternating experiences, either dynamic or static. Moreover, the fire reservoir outlet at the middle of the lawn was designed into a wedge-shaped optical pavilion, which blends the blue sky into the lawn area. The building facades are embellished with geometric color blocks and lines, with a view to evoking kids' imagination and stimulating them to interact and explore the distinctive venue. We hope this place can help strengthen kids' sensory perception of nature. As running and playing on the rooftop, they're embraced by sky and mountains nearby.
The existing south courtyard was paved with asphalt, with wild artemisia vigorously growing from cracks on the ground. To avoid adding artificial landscape too "consciously", we scattered plant clusters that naturally grow at staggering heights to build a garden. We selected perennial plants that are common in Northern China to present changing scenes throughout the year. We wish the garden can help children to discover the authentic beauty of nature, observe varying states of plants, either swaying in the wind, embracing sunshine or withering... The trampoline in the garden is like a "black hole", attracting both adults and kids.
Between the north and south courtyards, we made use of the existing height difference to create a flowing waterscape, where a capsule-like pavilion was inserted to connect accommodations, restaurant and the north courtyard. It's like a gentle pause in the spatial rhythm. Considering the striking geometric forms and monotonous texture of surrounding buildings, we created a "threshold zone" to integrate into the environment. The pavilion floats on water surface, and its perforated metal screens on two sides reveal moire patterns when viewed from a certain distance. The view becomes blurred, presenting ethereal and dynamic visual effects. The perforated metal panels sometimes filter light and brighten the space, and sometimes refract, distort the light.
The Youth Activity Center in the North District
The northern most original brick and reinforced concrete building on the site had few openings, resulting in poor lighting, which did not meet the requirements for contemporary use. Therefore, we removed the original building in the north and placed a row of entrance lobby, which is a single-sided cantilevered structure in the shape of umbrella ribs. It eases the pressure of the mass of the 70-meter-long and 7-meter-high factory building on the street entrance, as well as people's experience of transition from the north square to the Youth Activity Center. The interior of the lobby is made up of seven inscribing semi-circular glass boxes, which function as the main entrance to the Youth Activity Center, the cafe area and the concept store of creative items, like continuous small settlements. We transformed a series of phenomena such as optical transparency, reflection and refraction into spatial experiences of physics. The continuous glass surface reflects the surrounding environment, making the structure lighter, and extending the view to other dimensions.
The potential of the internal space of the Youth Activity Center is explored by restructuring the relationship between the exhibition space and the exhibits, with attempts to create a sense of borderlessness for games. It is our hope to create a mixed-age environment for children aged 0-7 to play and learn together. The 7-meter clear height of the original factory space is divided into active and quiet functions according to floor levels, allowing children to enjoy physical games in a circular circulation on the ground floor. At the end of the mezzanine is set up an area for longer activities of creative and intellectual games and teaching. In order to enable children to interact with the space during their activities, we have taken the landscape staircase as the central stage in the layout of the exhibition items, and arranged the steel ramp and the curved staircase along the longitudinal direction of the factory space. The design has made good use of the gap at the bottom of the staircase and created a three-dimensional gaming area with a slide, where a free path brings out the possibility of various sports. For the partition of the exhibition items, free-form surfaces are used to encourage expansion and interaction between the body and the space. The curved mesh wall and the net across different floors allow children to crawl among the gaps.
Restaurant and Multifunctional Room in the North District
The factory on the east side of the site is close to the country road. Larger rooms such as the multifunctional room, restaurant and kitchen that require business to the public are arranged here. In order to solve the problem of poor lighting and thermal performance in the original factory that is too deep, we removed the original blockboard roof, repaired and reinforced the original wall that is only 5.4 meters high, and added a second floor of steel structure. We reserved an open-air courtyard at the diagonal position in the previous plan, and retained the original concrete bent structure to continue the sense of order in the original components. Temporally, the original "inside" and the current "outside" overlap in the same space. The transmission of light, the sequence of the original walls, and the juxtaposition of the old and new are all our focuses. A block of foyer and bathroom is inserted between the two factory buildings, which separates the northern courtyard from the external road, while allowing the sight of the courtyard to be directly connected with the distant mountains. Finally, we set up a landscape bridge on top of the second floor where meeting and catering space is located. The steel grille floor and the railing made of metal cable network suggest a continuation of the circular walkway, guiding people's activities towards the roof terrace.
Hostel Reception Hall in the South District
The original structural system of the southern building complex, with a north-south layout, was a brick load-bearing wall and wooden truss roof. The original function was dormitory and canteen. Based on the original building structure and layout, we added a water supply and drainage system, and improved the thermal performance in the buildings, which were converted into guestrooms.
We transformed the structural columns and steel components of the abandoned carport into the porch of the main entrance to the hostel, and retained the existing cracked asphalt ground at the entrance of the site. It is from these cracks that we look forward to grass and flowers budding in spring.
The abandoned canteen in the factory has been transformed into the hostel's reception hall. We retained the mottled green paint wall skirt and fair-faced concrete prefabricated roof in the original building, and inserted stainless steel sanitary and storage modules, fair-faced concrete bar counters and stainless steel booths. The design strategy of combining exquisite workmanship with the mottled texture of the internal surface in the existing building, not only allows the new and old elements to coexist harmoniously without compromising their authenticity, but also creates a new kind of openness and richness in their interplay. "Emptiness" without functional limitation means "division of space". The extremely thin thermally broken steel windows and doors allow maximum light and landscape to "flow" into the room, which also strengthen the proportional relationship between the openings and the wall.
Green House in the South District
We had the opportunity to redesign the small warehouse as a green house at the end of the main courtyard in the south district. It is functionally divided into a semi-enclosed lounge centered on the fireplace, and an open activity area around the conference table. An extension of the main structural beams brings the sky and the courtyard into the activity area, and the floor is raised by 50 cm to enhance the sense of place of the activity area, which creates a subtle visual relationship with the south courtyard. Some of the steel beams supporting the roof stand on small steel pillars, so that the steel beam structure is raised by 30 cm from the brick load-bearing wall. The gap between the roof and the wall is glazed as much as possible to create a sense of transparency and suspension. This separation can be felt from the interior. On entering or leaving the building, people can feel the tension between lightness and heaviness from the profile steel roof and red brick wall. Between the strong volume and the open and bright interior is created a suspended relationship. The "openness" of the green house and the "non-openness" of the reception center, where people stay or pass between the two, constitute another close-up spatial correspondence.
Guestrooms in the South District
In order to echo the textures and scales of the existing buildings within the site, we have used fair-faced brick walls to separate the internal space. For the external courtyard walls and paving between each guestroom, fair-faced red bricks, all of which are recycled from nearby demolished villages, are also employed. From the hostel's main entrance to the guestroom area, we used low walls, courtyards and vegetation to create a discrete but continuous path for outdoor experience, where privacy and publicness are subtly connected and distinguished.
Concluding Remarks
The renovated Old Garment Factory in Miyun, Beijing accommodates our visions and expectations for children's growth everyday. The main actors of the new space are the people and families who come here. Their interaction with the buildings evokes the potential of life in the new space. This is the conversion's vitality that moves people. The diverse and open spatial structure allows for more possibilities for subsequent use, which always evolves with time.
