Alvéole 14. Saint-Nazaire, France
下载所需积分: 2
潜艇基地的改造
现有的原始结构经过最小干预进行了改造，给人留下深刻印象。该项目由两个部分组成：LiFE和VIP。贯穿整个基地的街道促进了掩体单元之间的互动。
国际新兴艺术形式中心 “LiFE” 的大厅是一个设备简约的“单空间”。它位于一个前潜艇池中，可以通过一个大型可收缩的门向港口开放。
VIP是一个“当代音乐场所”，位于掩体内部的一个体量中。这里创建了一个可容纳600人的大厅，采用简单的立方体空间，周围由钢框架包围，内部还设有酒吧、阳台和档案室。
悬挂的“光地毯”覆盖了沿着旧轨道延伸的内部街道。该街道连接了现有的各种空间与新创建的空间。这条“画廊”散发着神秘的氛围。
一条楼梯从画廊通向屋顶的实验平台。来自柏林坦佩尔霍夫机场的几何穹顶在这里作为艺术和音乐项目的“智囊团”。
港口与潜艇基地
潜艇基地位于圣纳泽尔港口，正对着卢瓦尔河的入海口，距离今天的市中心约一公里。
在第二次世界大战之前，这个港口是市中心的核心。从这里出发，横渡大西洋的邮轮驶向南美洲。
该掩体于1941年至1943年间在“托德组织”的指导下建造，作为德国海军的潜艇基地，正好位于这个港口池之间。
掩体的规模巨大：长295米，宽130米，高15至19米，占地3.7公顷。屋顶由钢筋混凝土制成，厚度达到4至9米。
基地分为14个潜艇单元 ”alvéoles“，其中八个设计为干船坞，六个为水池。水池高11米，长117米，而内部的水槽尺寸为17米乘90米。
这些单元通过一条交叉的“街道”相连，街道上配备了轨道，最初用于运输机器零件。
潜艇基地与城市
由于其在旧城区的中心位置，自1942年起成为空袭的目标，85%的城市被摧毁。
城市的重建于1949年开始，地点远离港口，由建筑师诺埃尔·勒·马雷斯基尔 “Noël Le Maresquier” 负责。几乎未受损的掩体仍然是城市与港口之间的强大障碍。
“城市-港口”项目
自1990年代以来，圣纳泽尔市努力恢复市中心与港口之间的历史联系。
1991年，灯光艺术家扬·凯尔萨尔 “Yann Kersalé” 通过他的项目“Nuit des Docks”照亮了工业港口。
1994年，城市规划项目“城市-港口”启动。圣纳泽尔市市长乔尔·巴图 “Joël Batteux” 宣布该基地是未来城市发展的核心。
在第一阶段，在巴萨罗那建筑师曼努埃尔·德·索拉-莫拉莱斯 “Manuel de Solà-Morales” 的指导下，掩体中心的四个单元被开放，屋顶安装了可供公众使用的坡道。
目前，港口两侧正在开发各种项目，各自涵盖该地点的不同用途 “住宅、商业和文化”。“城市-港口”项目的第二阶段预计将在2012年完成。
“单元14”项目
该项目充分利用了场地的内在特质。通过最小的干预，原始而令人印象深刻的结构被改造，增强了掩体单元的神秘氛围。单元从外部仅通过少数入口可达，屋顶也已开放。这样的转变与现有空间的单体特征形成鲜明对比，使掩体成为适合新用途的场所。
项目元素
街道
新的地面和“光地毯”定义了这条沿着旧轨道延伸的公共街道。该街道连接了“城市-港口I”项目 “远洋邮轮博物馆“Escal’ Atlantic”，单元8-11” 创造的公共空间与单元14的新项目，开启了通过掩体的新用途的可能性。
国际新兴艺术形式中心 “Lieu international des Formes Emergentes” - LiFE
该新艺术形式中心的大厅是一个前潜艇池，覆盖有钢筋混凝土梁和混凝土地面。大厅可以通过一个大型可收缩的门向港口开放。这个“单空间”设备简约，因此可以适应未来的艺术形式。
当代音乐场所 “Scène de Musiques Actuelles” - VIP
随着街道穿过掩体，接近VIP的“密集立方体”，这是一个三层的钢结构。VIP将成为掩体内活动的中心，包括一个活动大厅、酒吧、档案室和多个录音室。
屋顶和雷达罩
掩体本质上是矛盾的：它既是一个障碍，也是一个中心。通过增强屋顶的视觉焦点并使其在视觉上可接近，它有潜力成为城市中最重要的公共场所之一。
雷达罩和外部平台位于屋顶上。掩体天花板上的一个开口通过一条大型楼梯将它们与掩体内部连接起来。
雷达罩是一个几何穹顶结构。它曾在1984年至2003年间作为柏林坦佩尔霍夫机场战略雷达单元的覆盖物。其铝框架由298个三角形构成，每个三角形覆盖有半透明的膜。
通过这些改造，潜艇基地不仅保留了其历史和文化的独特性，还为未来的多种用途提供了可能性，使其成为一个充满活力的公共空间，促进艺术、音乐和社区活动的交汇。
Transformation of a submarine base
The raw, impressive existing structure was transformed with minimal interference. The project consists of two elements: LiFE and VIP. The street traversing the entire base creates interaction between the bunker cells.
The hall for the international centre for emerging art forms (LiFE) is a minimalisti-cally equipped “monospace”. It is situated in a former submarine basin and can be opened up towards the harbour through a large, retractable gate.
VIP, a “venue for contemporary music”, occupies one of the volumes inside the bunker. A hall for 600 people was created in a simple cubic space enclosed by a steel frame, which also contains a bar, a balcony, and an archive.
A suspended “light carpet” covers the internal street running along former tracks. The street connects the various spaces already in existence with newly created spaces. This “gallery” possesses an enigmatic atmosphere.
A staircase leads from the gallery, through the roof, to an experimental platform. A geodesic dome from the Berlin Tempelhof Airport serves here as a “think tank” for art and music projects.
The harbour and the submarine base
The submarine base is located directly at the harbour of Saint-Nazaire at the mouth of the Loire River, about a kilometre from today’s city centre.
Before the Second World War, this harbour was at the heart of the town centre. Transatlantic ocean liners set sail for South America from here.
The bunker was built exactly on this port basin between 1941 and 1943 under “Organisation Todt” as a submarine base for the German Navy.
The scale of the bunker is enormous: 295 metres long, 130 metres wide and 15 to 19 metres high, covering an area of 3.7 hectares. The roof is made of reinforced concrete and is as thick as 4 to 9 metres.
The base is split into 14 submarine cells (alvéoles), of which eight were designed as dry docks and six as water basins. The basins are 11 metres high and 117 metres long, while the tanks inside measure 17 metres by 90 metres.
The cells are connected inside through an intersecting “street” equipped with tracks. They were used originally for the transportation of machine parts.
The submarine base and the city
The central location in the old town made it the target of air raids from 1942 onwards, which destroyed 85% of the city.
Reconstruction of the city began in 1949 further away from the harbour under the direction of the architect Noël Le Maresquier. The virtually unscathed bunker remained a powerful obstacle between the city and the harbour.
Project “Ville-Port“
Since the 1990’s, the city of Saint-Nazaire has made efforts to revive the histori-cal link between the city centre and the harbour.
In 1991, lighting artist Yann Kersalé il-luminated the industrial harbour with his project, “Nuit des Docks”
In 1994, the urban planning project “Ville-Port” was started. Joël Batteux, the mayor of Saint-Nazaire, declared the base as central to the future development of the city.
In the first phase, under the direction of the Barcelonean architect, Manuel de Solà-Morales, four cells at the centre of the bunker were opened up and the roof was fitted with a ramp accessible to the public.
At present, there are various projects under development on either side of the harbour, each encompassing different uses of the site (residential, commercial, and cultural). The second phase of the project “VillePort” is due to be completed by 2012.
Project “Alvéole 14“
This project seizes the site’s intrinsic qualities. The raw, impressive structure is transformed through minimal interference, enhancing the enigmatic atmosphere of the bunker cells. The cells are accessible from the outside through just a few en-trances and the roof has also been made accessible. The capillary nature of these transformations contrasts starkly with the monolithic character of the existing space. The bunker becomes a site suitable and appealing for new uses.
Project elements
Street
New flooring and a “light carpet” define this public street running along the former tracks. The street connects the public spaces created by the project “Ville-Port I”(Ocean liner museum “Escal’ Atlantic”, Cells 8-11) with the new project in Cell 14, opening up the possibilities of new uses as it leads through the bunker.
International centre for emerging art forms (Lieu international des Formes Emergentes) - LiFE
The hall for this centre for new art forms is a former submarine basin covered with reinforced concrete beams and concrete flooring. The hall can be opened up towards the harbour through a large, retractable gate. This “Monospace” has been equipped minimalistically and is thus open to be adapted to future forms of art.
Venue for contemporary music (Scène de Musiques Actuelles) - VIP
As the street runs through the bunker, it approaches VIP’s “cube dense”, a three-story steel construction. VIP is to become a central hub of the action in the bunker and includes an event hall, a bar, an archive and several recording studios.
The roof and the radome
The bunker is intrinsically ambivalent: it is at once a barrier and a hub. By invigorat-ing the roof through a focal visual point and making it visually approachable, it has the potential to become one of the most important public sites of the city.
The radome and the outside platform are positioned on the roof. An opening in the bunker ceiling connects them to the inside of the bunker via a large stairway.
The radome is a geodetic dome construc-tion. It was in use as a covering for the strategic radar unit at the Berlin Tempelhof Airport from 1984 until 2003. Its aluminium frame makes up 298 triangles, each cov-ered with a translucent membrane.