南京万景园小教堂
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项目位于南京滨江的万景园内，占地200平方米，是一座小型教堂。由南京联合神学院的牧师主持，支持礼拜和婚礼等宗教活动。教堂采用木结构和钢结构，外形柔和，内部空间则充满了神秘的宗教力量。尽管材料简单，但仍表达出精致的建筑逻辑。
最早且基本的教堂空间具有两种相互关联的倾向——中心性和深度性。早期基督教建筑继承了万神殿的中心性和巴西利卡式教堂的深轴对称性。在现代主义时期，教堂空间的中心性和轴对称性变得不那么突出，这与新教徒对天主教等级制度的拒绝密切相关。在万景园教堂的设计中，建筑师并未刻意排斥古典空间序列中的“中心性”和“深度性”。平面上，它有一个八边形的中央大厅，周围环绕着方形的走廊。剖面上，屋顶轮廓的运用和长条形天窗进一步放大了空间的深度，并强调了所有轴线在圣洁空间上方汇聚的高点。
木质走廊形成了中央大厅空间独特的双层壳结构。内层壳体更加封闭，自然光仅通过屋顶和墙壁上的开口渗透进来。外层壳体由精细的SPF木条组成，起到过滤外部景观的作用，暗示着宗教空间体验的开始。双层壳系统创造了独具一格的东方建筑空间，与传统石质教堂的“封闭性”或现代建筑的“开放性”形成鲜明对比。这座小型教堂的平面为完美的方形，即使45度旋转连接了内部空间与外部结构，方形仍然保持高度的完整性、对称性和中心导向性。平面中隐藏的对角线轴也延伸到屋顶结构，实现了空间、材料和力量的完全统一。
“……上帝就是光，在他里面毫无黑暗。”
《约翰福音》。光是教堂空间宗教表达中的一个重要主题。在这个设计中，光通过祭坛轴线上方的长条形天窗射入大厅中央，并从祭坛墙后方的十字架处透进来。这个300毫米宽的光带是定义内部空间的最强有力的元素。其他自然光则温柔地通过木条进入墙上的开口。
“轻型”建筑策略在紧张的项目进度和有限的预算下是一个明智的选择。屋顶结构与“廉价”的自然光相辅相成，增加了整个空间的表现力。所有室内表面都涂成白色，突出了光与空间的主导作用。外部的木条和沥青瓦则保持自然色，强调了自然的重要性。环绕教堂的SPF木条精细到其长径比可达1:120，远超正常承重要求。木条长达12米，截面仅为38*89毫米，两端通过金属部件与屋顶和地面相连，保持了理想的张力状态。相邻的木条也通过U形金属部件相连以确保稳定性。这些共同构成了一个在材料选择和安装上极为简单的金属-木结构。
作为一个功能极为简单的宗教机构，这座小教堂拥有其过于“理想”的空间，无法归属于任何特定风格，而是“包容一切的自然”。
项目地址: 中国江苏省南京市
项目面积: 200 平方米
项目年份: 2014
The project - a 200 square meter small chapel, is located in Wanjing Garden along Nanjing’s Riverfront. Hosted by priests from Nanjing Union Theological Seminary, it supports religious activities like worship and wedding services. This wood and steel structured chapel has gentle exterior shape as well as strong interior space infused with mysterious religious power. Its plain material doesn’t fail in expressing the delicate construction logic.
The earliest and fundamental church space has two interrelated tendencies- Center and depth. Both the centrality from the Pantheon and the deep axis of the Basilica was inherited in the early Christian Architecture. The central and axial symmetry of church space became less prominent during the Modernism period, which was closely related to the Protectants’ rejection of Catholic Hierarchy. In the design of Wanjing Garden Chapel, the architect didn’t purposefully reject the “centrality” and “depth” of classical space sequence. In plan, it has an octagonal central hall surrounded by square shaped corridors. In section, the use of roof profile and the long slit of skylight amplify the depth of space and emphasize on the high point over the sacred space where all axis meet.
The wooden corridor forms a unique double shell of the central hall space. The inner shell is more closed, leaving natural light to penetrate only through openings on roof and walls. The outer shell, composed of delicate SPF strips, serves as a filter of the view outside, implying the start of a religious spatial experience. The double shell system creates a uniquely interesting oriental architectural space that’s different from the “closeness” of traditional stone chapel, or the “openness” of modern architecture. The small chapel has a perfectly square shaped plan. Even with the 45-degree turning connecting inner space to exterior structure, the square remains highly integrated, symmetrical and center oriented. Hidden diagonal axis in the plan also extends to the roof structure, realizing a complete integrity of space, material and power.
“…God is light, and in him is no darkness at all.”
John Bible. “Light” is an important theme in the religious expressions of church space. In this particular design, light falls through the strip skylight right above the axis of alter into the center of the hall, and also penetrate from behind the holy cross on the alter wall. The presentation of this 300 mm wide light strip is the most powerful defining element of the interior space. Other natural light comes gently through the wood strips into the openings on the wall.
“Light”construction strategy is a wise choice under tight project schedule and limited budget. Roof structure, in accordance with the “cheap” material- natural light, adds expressiveness to the entire space. All interior surfaces are painted white, emphasizing the leading role of light and space. The exterior wood strips and asphalt shingles are left in their natural color, emphasizing the importance of nature. The SPF strips surrounding the church are so delicate that their length-to-radius ratio could be 1:120, largely exceeding the normal load bearing. With length as long as 12 meters and section area only 38*89 mm, the strips are connected to the roof and ground by metal parts at both ends, keeping them in their ideal stretching status. Adjacent wood strips are also connected with U-shape metal parts to insure stability. These together achieved a metal-wood structure that’s extremely simple in material selection and installation.
As a religious institution with very simple functions, this small chapel has its overly “ideal” space that couldn’t attribute to any particular style, but “the nature that tolerates all.”
Location: Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
Project Area: 200 sqm
Project year: 2014