乌尔姆犹太教堂
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在破土动工仪式后的20个月，Kister Scheithauer Gross Architects and Urban Planners “KSG” 将位于德国乌尔姆的犹太教堂交付给当地犹太社区。大窗户上的大卫星图案指向耶路撒冷。德国联邦总统约阿希姆·高克 “Joachim Gauck” 在开幕式上发表了讲话。
2009年，符腾堡以色列宗教社区 “IRGW” 决定为其在乌尔姆的正统社区建造一座新犹太教堂，并与乌尔姆市共同发起了一场设计竞赛。市政府将建筑用地设在维因霍夫广场的中央，距离曾在水晶之夜被摧毁的旧犹太教堂仅几步之遥。
“来自科隆的团队成功地丰富了乌尔姆市这个高度敏感的地点，而没有削弱其独特的特征，”市建筑负责人亚历山大·维齐格 “Alexander Wetzig” 在2010年1月评审委员会作出决定后表示。
在完成的建筑中，立方体的高度和宽度都低于竞赛期间的初步设计。现在它的宽度为24米，深度为16米，高度为17米，远低于附近的施沃尔豪斯 “Schwörhaus”。
“犹太教堂和犹太社区中心被纳入一个单一的结构中。这个紧凑的立方体独立矗立在广场上。这一位置具有历史意义：在1938年的水晶之夜，曾被道路开发包围的旧犹太教堂被摧毁。二战后，这个地方建造了一座世俗建筑。犹太教堂和犹太社区失去了在乌尔姆中心的祖传位置。现有犹太教堂的建设在广场中央开辟了一个新地点。就好像犹太教堂从其原来的位置向前迈出了一步，重新夺回了它的位置。没有建筑边界，它在维因霍夫广场上显得突兀而孤立，”教授苏珊娜·格罗斯 “Susanne Gross” 解释了这一城市建筑概念。
社区中心和犹太教堂的所有空间在光滑的结构中相连：前厅、犹太教堂、米克瓦 “仪式浴”、会议厅、学校和行政办公室，以及带有封闭户外游乐区的儿童日托中心，后者正好位于圣殿上方。
这些房间呈直角排列。只有犹太教堂沿着建筑中唯一的独立支撑物的线条，呈对角线方向。面向东南的方向具有深刻的宗教意义：其地理方向正对耶路撒冷，犹太教的精神和宗教中心。
对角线的房间布局在圣殿中创造了一个角窗，窗户的图案以大卫星为空间框架。犹太教堂有600个开口，从多个点照亮，焦点是礼仪中心的托拉圣柜。外立面上的穿孔是通过高压水射流制作的，照亮了内部的圣柜，并将犹太教堂的理念投射到外部。
犹太教堂的内部装饰部分基于KSG的设计，例如十二边形的托架，象征以色列的十二个支派。拉比施纽尔·特雷布尼克 “Shneur Trebnik” 与IRGW代表共同选择了座椅，并订购了托拉圣柜的建造，包括讲台 “bimah”，这是一个带讲台的高台，从中宣读托拉。这三个元素均在以色列建造。
祷告室可容纳125人，其中包括女性画廊的40个座位。2012年12月2日星期日的开幕式上，建筑座无虚席。300位受邀嘉宾中包括在二战期间逃离的乌尔姆前犹太公民。德国联邦总统约阿希姆·高克、巴登-符腾堡州州长温弗里德·克雷茨曼 “Winfried Kretschmann”、德国中央犹太人委员会主席迪特尔·格劳曼 “Dieter Graumann” 以及以色列驻德国大使雅科夫·哈达斯-汉德尔斯曼 “Yacov Hadas-Handelsman” 均发表了讲话。
20 months after the ground breaking ceremony, ksg handed over the synagogue to the Jewish community of Ulm, Germany. The large window with the Star of David pattern indicates the direction of Jerusalem. Federal president of Germany Joachim Gauck held the opening speech.
kister scheithauer gross architects and urban planners (ksg) have completed the community centre and synagogue for the Jewish community of Ulm.
In 2009, the Israelite Religious Community in Württemberg (IRGW) decided to build a new synagogue for its orthodox community in Ulm and, together with the city of Ulm, initiated a competition. The city placed the building site in the middle of the Weinhof, just a stone’s throw from the former synagogue, which was destroyed during Kristallnacht.
“The team from Cologne succeeded in enriching this highly sensitive location in the city of Ulm, without detracting from its unique character,” said the city’s head of construction, Alexander Wetzig, following the jury’s decision in January 2010.
In the completed build, the cuboid is lower and shorter than initially planned during the competition. It is now 24 meters wide, 16 deep and at 17 meters high, much lower than the nearby Schwörhaus.
“The synagogue and the Jewish community centre are included in one single structure. The compact cuboid is free standing in the square. This position is historical: in the Kristallnacht in 1938, the former synagogue, which was enclosed in a road side development, was destroyed. After World War II, a secular building was constructed in the space. The synagogue and the Jewish community lost its ancestral place in the centre of Ulm. The construction of the current synagogue has opened a new site, in the middle of the square. It is as though the synagogue has taken a step forward from its former position, it has reclaimed its location. With no constructed borders, it stands abrupt and solitary on the Weinhof,” explains Prof. Susanne Gross regarding the urban building concept.
All the spaces of the community centre and the synagogue are joined in the smooth structure: foyer, synagogue, Mikvah (ritual bath), meeting hall, school and administrative rooms as well as the child day care centre with an enclosed outdoor playing area, which is directly above the sacral room.
The rooms are arranged orthogonally. Only the synagogue follows the line of the only, free-standing support in the building, in a diagonal direction. The direction facing south-east has an overlying religious meaning behind it: its geographical direction is directly towards Jerusalem, the spiritual and religious centre of Judaism.
The diagonal room layout creates a corner window in the sacral room, which plays with a pattern of the Star of David as a space framework. With 600 openings, the synagogue is illuminated from many points, with the focal point being the liturgical centrepiece; the Torah shrine. The perforations in the façade created with a high-pressure water jet, illuminate the shrine inside and project the idea of the synagogue outwards.
The interior fittings of the synagogue are partially based on ksg plans, such as the dodecagon holder, a symbol for the twelve lines of the people of Israel. Rabbi Shneur Trebnik, together with the IRGW representatives, selected the seating and ordered the construction of the Torah shrine, including the bimah, a raised platform with a lectern, from which the Torah is dictated. All three elements were constructed in Israel.
The prayer room offers space for 125 people, including 40 spaces in the women’s gallery. The building was full to capacity during the opening on Sunday, December 2nd 2012. The 300 invited guests included former Jewish citizens of Ulm, who fled during World War II. Speeches were held by Federal President of Germany Joachim Gauck, Prime Minister of Baden-Württemberg Winfried Kretschmann, the President of Central Council of Jews in Germany Dieter Graumann and Israel’s ambassador to Germany Yacov Hadas-Handelsman.