火葬场西塞根
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位于比利时城市西侧环路边缘的乡村中，西塞根火葬场占地74 x 74米，与环绕公园的树木和灌木融为一体，该公园由景观建筑师埃里克·德霍特设计。走近Blauwenbergstraat的入口时，宁静的氛围弥漫在现场，抵达时，起伏的绿色小丘 subtly地促使访客放慢脚步。北侧的一个池塘作为雨水的蓄水池，而小丘则专门用于散落的灰烬和一个骨灰园。在东端，有一条完全隐藏的灵车服务道路，以确保在哀悼仪式期间不打扰到家属，并尊重隐私。
建筑伴随着从繁忙的外部世界到一个充满宁静和克制的隐喻性和物理内部空间的过渡。建筑的西南角开向一个庭院，作为一个过渡区域，欢迎访客并引导他们进入室内空间。由于火葬场通常具有复杂的后勤需求，KAAN建筑事务所设计了一座自我解释且使用自然的建筑。
进入火葬场后，一系列空间塑造了访客的身体体验，防止空间混淆。内部6.4米的层高增强了广阔感，伴随着温暖的自然光。一个大型混凝土雨篷延伸到一个宽敞的大厅，接待台一目了然。接待大厅通过两个俯瞰景观花园的大窗户注入光线，并设有通往咖啡厅的隐蔽通道，咖啡厅内悬挂着比利时艺术家里努斯·范德维尔德的大型画作。
西塞根火葬场包含两个仪式集会厅。最大的集会厅空间宽敞，可容纳600人。KAAN建筑事务所参与了整体设计，包括家具，特别是长椅：优雅造型的座椅，采用黄米色皮革 upholstery，这种颜色在火葬场空间中反复出现，因其柔和的质感和对沙子与灰尘的直接引用。背面为玻璃，面向庭院，直接将建筑与周围景观连接。两个集会空间都有家庭室和悼念区；旁边的户外区域绿意盎然，将自然与阳光联系在一起，为哀悼者所经历的强烈情感和灵性提供了平衡。
在仪式空间旁，建筑的技术方面也是设计的基本部分。建筑师努力揭示而非隐藏火化过程，在机械与宁静之间创造出一种不寻常但有效的对比。家具的柔和沙黄色与通过屋顶玻璃开口延伸的炉子和烟囱相呼应。建筑散发出尊严和亲密感。
材料的选择和细节对于营造宁静的氛围至关重要。外部，KAAN建筑事务所选择了粗糙混凝土的节奏。内部墙面为哑光，具有纹理涂层，而天花板则采用粗糙的喷涂饰面，以确保柔和的声学效果——这是此类建筑的基本特征。家庭室和咖啡厅采用橡木拼花地板。
所有空间都表达了建筑的本质，Breccia Alba大理石在其中发挥了重要作用。在将石块锯成2.4 x 1米的板材后，建筑师安排了一种视觉上连贯的图案。地板和墙壁的处理方式相同。相同的大理石用于长走廊的接待台、酒吧、讲台、灵柩和庭院墙的高踢脚线。
在比利时，火葬场的功能通常比其他国家更为复杂。它们是聚会、享用餐食和与亲友重新联系的空间。客户的丰富经验和对话对项目至关重要。KAAN建筑事务所设计了易于理解的空间和清晰的路线，以将标识减少到最低限度。访客不应感到迷失，建筑不仅仅是背景，而是提供空间引导。内部与访客对话，触动他们的情感：它传递出宁静，空间的序列增强了反思。
西塞根火葬场是一首对垂直性的颂歌，同时在几何形状和比例上保持水平和纯粹。其宁静、易于理解的环境与宁静的景观融为一体，散发出真正的宁静。建筑及其周围环境成为一个和平的怀旧绿洲，而不屈从于浮夸的纪念主义。
Located in the countryside bordering the western ring road of the Belgian city, the crematorium, with its 74 x 74 metre footprint, merges with trees and shrubs that line the perimeter of the surrounding park, which was conceived by landscape architect Erik Dhont. Approaching the entrance at Blauwenbergstraat, a sense of calm pervades the site and upon arrival, visitors are subtly persuaded to slow down by the undulating gentle green mounds. To the north, a pond serves as a reservoir for rainwater, while small adjacent hills are dedicated to scattered ashes and to an urn garden. At the eastern end, there is a service road for the hearses that is entirely hidden from view so that families are not disturbed during the mourning ceremony, and so that privacy is respected.
Architecture accompanies the transition from a busy outside world into a metaphorical and physical interior imbued with calm and restraint. The south-western corner of the building opens onto a patio and serves as a transitional zone, welcoming visitors and leading them towards the indoor spaces. As crematoria are typically characterized by complex logistics, KAAN Architecten has designed a building that is self-explanatory and feels natural to use.
Upon entering the crematorium, a sequence of spaces shapes the visitor’s physical experience, preventing spatial confusion. At 6.4 metres tall, the remarkable floor-to-ceiling height of the interior enhances the sense of vastness, paired by the warm abundance of daylight. A large concrete canopy stretches into a generously proportioned hall from which the reception desk is immediately visible. The reception hall is infused with light by two large windows overlooking a landscaped garden, and houses a discreet passageway to the cafeteria, which features a large-scale painting by Belgian artist Rinus Van de Velde.
Crematorium Siesegem encompasses two ceremonial assembly halls. The largest has generous dimensions, with seating for 600 people. KAAN Architecten was involved in the overall design, including the furnishings, and in particular the benches: elegantly shaped seating with leather upholstery in yellow-beige colour, a recurrent hue for the Crematorium spaces, chosen for its gentle texture and direct reference to sand and dust. The back surface is glazed and looks out onto a patio, directly connecting the building to the surrounding landscape. Both assembly spaces have a family room and a place for condolences; beside them, an outdoor area with greenery links nature to daylight and offers a counterweight to the intensity and spirituality experienced by the bereaved.
Next to the ceremony spaces, the technical aspects of the building are also a fundamental part of the design. The architects endeavour to disclose, rather than hide the cremation process, creating an unusual yet effective polarity between the mechanics and the serenity. The soft sandy yellow colour of the furniture is echoed by the ovens and the chimney that stretches up through a glazed opening in the roof. A sense of dignity and intimacy infuses the building.
The choice of materials and the detailing are paramount to achieving a placid mood. For the exterior, KAAN Architecten chose the rhythm of béton brut. For the interior, the walls are matt and have a textured render, while the ceiling has a rough sprayed finish to ensure muted acoustics – a fundamental feature of such a building. Oak parquet floors have been chosen for the family rooms and the cafeteria.
All the spaces express the essence of the architecture, and Breccia Alba marble plays a vital role. After sawing the stone blocks into 2.4 x 1 metre plates, the architects arranged a composition that results in a visually coherent pattern. Floors and walls have been treated in the same way. Identical marble was used for the reception desk in the long foyer, the bar, the lectern, the catafalque and the high skirting of the courtyard walls.
In Belgium, crematoria traditionally have a more complex programme that other countries. They are spaces for gathering, enjoying a meal and reconnecting with relatives and friends. The client’s significant experience and dialogue were crucial to the project. KAAN Architecten designed legible spaces and easily readable routing to reduce signage to a minimum. Visitors should never feel lost, and architecture goes beyond being a mere background, to offer spatial guidance. The interior speaks to visitors and appeals to their emotions: it instils calmness and the sequence of spaces enhances reflection.
The Crematorium Siesegem is an ode to verticality, while being horizontal and pure in its geometry and balanced proportions. Its calm, easily readable environment and tranquil landscape merge together to emanate genuine serenity. Without succumbing to pompous monumentalism, the building and its surrounding grounds are a peaceful oasis for reminiscence.